Similarities in Pathobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Proof of Concept by a Case Study

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Developing countries will have >3 times prevalence developed by year 2050. Our previous studies with a Pakistani population suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) strongly associated impaired cognitive functioning, and genetic pathways showed strong resemblance to known AD patterns. The present case investigated two important pathways, i.e., Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing Lipid Metabolism, using gene expression profiling arrays compare contrast T2DM patients from Pakistan. Method We performed high-throughput qRT-PCR preconfigured TaqMan Low Density Profiling Array specific Human Disease (ABI, CAT # 441887) measure altered expressions their corresponding (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, IPA®). Both (n = 2; M/F each) 2, (cases) were recruited outpatient departments regional hospital, compared respective matched, healthy controls. Result Overall, we observed differential profile in participants CYP46A1, MAPT, CAPNS1, GAL, AGER, CAPN1, PSENEN, ST6GAL1, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, GRIN2A, GAP43 was downregulated both patients. ACHE, CHRM3, GRIN2C significantly (p value <0.05) all CDC2, UCHL1, CTSG, CASP3, IDE, NAE1, CDK5R1, IL6, APBB2, GLS are top 10 common genes upregulated groups. IPA analysis revealed Canonical Pathways, included, viz., Processing, Neuroinflammation Signaling, ErB4 nNOs Signaling. Molecular Mechanisms Cancer. biofunctions included Metabolic Disease, Neurological disease, Organismal Injury Abnormalities, Psychological Disorders, Cardiovascular upstream regulators PHLPP2, IL33, APP, CRP, TAC1. Conclusion patterns this pilot study suggest diseases may underlying processes causes. Information such biochemical be crucial development therapeutic targets treat AD.